
A normal 17th-Century harpsichord temperament is heard first: regular "1/6 comma meantone". A folk tune (Twinkle, twinkle, little star / ABCDEFG / Ah, vous dirais-je, Maman / Morgen kommt der Weihnachtsmann...) is played in the four keys of D, B, A-flat, and F major. Two of these scales are excellent, and two of them are terrible. The sarabande from Bach's B minor French Suite illustrates the behavior of this minor key: problems with the too-sharp D#, A#, and E# as they occur in the music. Those notes are too sharp because they were tuned for their more common use as Eb, Bb, and F...and in this style of tuning, the correct spelling of the note names matters that much. Then, the harpsichord is retuned by moving six of the 12 notes in each octave. The adjustments are based on a drawing that Bach put on his title page of the "Well-Tempered Clavier"...which I take as his method of adjusting that normal tuning into something more flexible and beautiful. The notes C, D, E, F, G, and A of the C major scale are retained as they were, and the other six notes F#, G#, A#, B, C#, D# (from the B major or F# major scales) are retuned. The same compositions are then played again, to compare the change in harmonic and melodic quality. The regular "1/6 comma meantone" system used here is also known as the 55-tet, or simply the "common" tuning described by 18th century writers: Tosi, Sauveur, Telemann, et al. Enharmonic notes such as D# and Eb are one comma apart. Within a whole tone, such <b>...</b>
music
johann
sebastian
bach
harpsichord
tuning
temperament
tempering
clavecin
cembalo
well
tempered
clavier
meantone
55
thebpl